Dream for Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Dream for Case Study - Essay Example Once I am up, everything in the room appears in miniature, and perhaps even gets smaller as I struggle to find my school uniform. When I eventually find my school uniform it is, of course, too small. I tuck it under my arm and leave my bedroom - only just managing to fit through the door. I call out to my mother, telling her that my clothes have shrunk. I feel as though my mother must have done something wrong the last time she washed my uniform, and expect her to somehow be able to fix the problem. As I walk down the hallway of the house that leads to the dining room, the hall begins to shrink, and it seems to get longer and longer. The hallway stretches out for about 800 metres, and at different times I feel tired and disillusioned and feel as though I may never reach the end. As I walk I continue to call out to my mother. At first I am angry, then sad, then pleasant, trying different strategies that I feel might get her attention. I feel aware that she can hear me - but is just ignoring me. There are wild cats running back and forth across the hallway in front of me, going from rooms on one side of the hall, into rooms on the other. The cats are mangy and feral and look very startled to see me. At one time I can see around five of them gathered at the end of the hallway in the distance - but by the time I am near to the end they have scurried away. I am glad they are gone because, even though they seemed afraid of me, I was equally wary of them. I notice clumps of cat hair on the floor and think that the cats must have had a fight in the hallway. I feel even more relieved that they are gone. Eventually I reach the dining room door and squeeze through. Once inside the dining room, everything appears relatively normal. I am still fully grown, but the room is its normal size, and so are my parents, who are both at the table eating their breakfast. I hold up my tiny school uniform and try to tell my mother it has shrunk - but can't speak. She looks up and sees me holding the uniform and looks angry. She stands up and slams her hand down on the table, saying "What have you done, mister" My father looks up disapprovingly and shakes his head, then returns to eating his breakfast. He is eating sausages and eggs, and I notice he is trying to cut them up using a tiny, miniature knife and fork. I look down and notice his right hand shrinking. I think: 'Oh no, he's shrinking too - it's starting again.' I look away and try to pretend I didn't see it. I am scared my mother will blame me for shrinking him. My mother grabs the uniform off me and throws it in the garbage disposal. When she turns on the garbage disposal it makes a loud shriek - like a woman screaming in agony - but noone seems to notice the sound except me. My mother says: "You will just have to go to school naked - again." I look down and realise that I have no clothes on and panic and feel embarrassed, then I notice that she said 'again' - and feel even more humiliated. I start struggling to recall when I had previously been to school naked - but can't remember any such incident. I start to feel compelled to correct my mother, and explain that I had never been to school without my clothes on - but she refuses to listen and gets angry - telling me to hurry up and eat my breakfast. I steal a glance at my father and his hand is back to normal, I feel relieved and start to eat my breakfast - which is also sausages and eggs. As I start to eat, it

Origins of World War I Essay Example for Free

Origins of World War I Essay The World War I fought between 1914 and 1918, is considered the largest of any war in human history and ever since, many refer it as the Great War. It was a culmination of activities and competition across European nations. It’s estimated that 14 million people lost their lives on the First World War. The causes of the World War I were complicated which includes; 1. Imperialism- The scramble for Africa and some other parts of Asia for raw materials by European countries led to a competition and this pushed the world into the World War I. 2. Defense alliances-most countries all over Europe had formed defense agreements that if one country was attacked, allied countries would join and fight back. For example when Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia joined to defend Serbia and German started to attack Russia. 3. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from Hungary and his wife in June 1914 by a Serbian national is considered to be an immediate cause. It took place in Sarajevo, Bosnia and which was part of Hungary. This was followed by protests as Serbia wanted to take control of Bosnia then Hungary declared war on Serbia leading to an expansion of the war trough the mutual defense alliances. It’s not exactly known which country was responsible for the war though Germany is strongly believed to be responsible for the out break of the war. Through the Schlieffen plan German was supposed first to invade France through Belgium then Russia before it had mobilized. Germany was also a major partner in the triple alliance and it’s perceived that Hungary would not have risked war with Serbia without full backing of Germany through the blank check given on 6th, june1914. However, on the other hand the war started first as conflict between Hungary and Serbia after the assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Hungary. In all fairness historians argue that all senior powers were responsible for war. In conclusion, other than trade, peace alliances and coalitions between nations should be formed and promoted to foster peace and understanding. This will prevent t an out break of another war. References Henig Ruth, 2002, The Origins of the First World War, Routledge.

The Nike Co. Essay -- essays research papers

NIKE 1.)Description of Nike. 2.)Definition of Total Quality Management and how Nike implements it. 3.)Definition of the Five Elements of Task Environment and how Nike. implements it. The company: 1-A brief history of the organization 2- Nike’s goals 3- Nike’s objectives 4-Markets 5-Size Compare theory with what we found Conclusion Ø DESCRIPTION Basketball players want to be like Mike, but shoe companies want to be like NIKE. NIKE is the world's number one shoe company and controls more than 40% of the athletic shoe market. The company designs and sells shoes for just about every sport, including baseball, volleyball, cheerleading, and wrestling. Nike doesn't only sell athletic shoes, but a wide variety of sporting goods and clothing; they design, develop, and market high quality active sports apparel, equipment, and accessory products. Their huge lines of products are designed for just about every sport in existence. Their products are made for men, women, and children of all ages. In addition, it operates NIKETOWN shoe and sportswear stores and is opening JORDAN in-store outlets in urban markets. NIKE sells its products to about 19,000 US accounts, in about 140 other countries, and online. Chairman, CEO, and co-founder Phil Knight owns about 36% of the firm. Ø TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Total quality management represents both a social revolution in the work place and a rigorously effective approach to professionalism and success. Total quality management is a management system that is an integral part of an organization's strategy and is aimed at continually improving products and service quality so as to achieve high levels of customer satisfaction and build strong customer loyalty .In other words, the true Total Quality organization will eliminate all competition other than from other Total Quality giants. Many companies have benefited from an emphasis on TQM; however, it does require a considerable amount of company wide commitment to be successful . The customer doesn't know what is technically or organizationally feasible. So the key, challenge to a competitive organization, is to raise the expectations of the market place by providing goods and services at quality levels higher than those offered by the competition. We can now see that there are two principal elements to Total Quality: a business strategic element base o... ...V ads during professional and college sports events, prime-time programs, and late-night TV programs. The advertising and innovative marketing in the industry should still leave it extremely competitive. The only problem that Nike worries about is customers becoming less brand-loyal and buying cheaper athletic shoe brands. Nike is trying to make the point that it is worth spending more money on better quality made shoe, than buying a cheap shoe that will only last a little while. One major area that brings unlimited opportunities to Nike is the international market. In the United Sates, there are 4 people for every pair of Nikes, France has 11, Japan has 50, China has 11,821, and Lebanon has 40 (reference from manager). Nike distributes to more than 40 branches in Lebanon and they have their own main branch situated in Mid-Beirut. Nike is by far the biggest organization in the shoe industry and far surpases its competetors in profits gained. Nike sells throught the world in more than 110 countries throught a span of six continents. It is known by most consumers as the dominant power in the sports industry and is usually the athelets’ top choice when it comes to sports apparel.

Media hollywood Essay

The media, and Hollywood in particular, represent one avenue in which the general public becomes familiar with the role of nurses. How does the media positively or negatively influence the public’s image of nursing? What other avenues may better educate the general public on the role and scope of nursing as well as the changing health care system? In Media, the portraying of nurses vary inaccurately in front of the viewing audience. The dominant image of nurse has always remained stereotype to majority of the viewers. In television nurses are tend to be just helpers of the physician in hospital but in actual life and situation its totally different. In TV serial named Grey anatomy and house it is represented that nurse are helpless , incompetent and physician are given a heroic image as representing triage medicine administration , providing psychosocial support , but in real world , it’s the nurse who do the above stated factor. However the grey anatomy doesn’t mention anything about it , its nurse a who has a prime role in giving a total patient care and to be with patient 24 * 7 The medical media drama has always shown physician as a dominant , at top notch equivalent to god and saving life of patient and nurses are relatively low skilled and differential to physician. As nurse are set to be feminine extremes as categortrized into naughty nurse and in thoughtful words of X description. But in contrary its reverse and nurse are seen autonomous in decision making for nurses expertise in medicine, public health and advance research. Experts have an understanding that media just undermine nursing profession and do not focus in health development issues and action in relation to it. As only government and university conceptualize it in last. In today highly equipped media world, nursing focus many issue like staff shortage, poor working condition, low pay in high responsibility environment and many more which is not visualized. The factors has totally undervalued nurses looking at them as uneducated.

Ethnic Relations Essay

ETHNIC RELATIONS PAPER â€Å"We don’t want you here anymore white principal,† (Roberts 2) such misanthropical acts and slanders have been committed against thousands of people, almost every single day, here in the U. S. In fact, there have been many volatile arguments on the constitutional rights of ethnicity. Paul Craig Roberts believes that mass immigration will endanger American society. On the other side of the story is Professor Lipsitz, who believes that we must overcome racial and ethnic boundaries despite differences. Ethnicity has an immense and immeasurable influence on mass immigration, racial and ethnic boundaries, but all this must be condoned when it comes down to ethnic relations. Ethnicity has a significant impact on mass immigration. â€Å"One can make a replica of the joys of traveling and sight-seeing by just walking down neighborhood streets of D. C. Beltway† (Roberts 2). Immigration policies have made considerable changes to the makeup of U. S. residents. Around the years of 1965 the democrats changed immigration laws in hopes that the Asian and Hispanic voters would take part in a ballot in favor of the democrats. This ultimately led to a chain reaction. With this new policy taking place, native-born citizens were becoming â€Å"ethnically cleansed† (Roberts 2). Many of us may view immigrants as contributors to the diverse â€Å"melting pot†, but the melting pot is out of the question when countless new immigrants have higher statuses than those of native-born citizens! The U. S. keeps taking 1. 2 million immigrants annually, but keep in mind that most of the immigrants that enter, are coming in illegally. In this situation, homogeneous culture has ultimately become the victim. Recently a federal judge claimed that out of one hundred new citizens, there was a bare minimum of five true Europeans (Roberts 1). While Robert was still a child and growing, he and many northerners had the greatest respect towards General Robert E. Lee, but a while ago El-Amin, an immigrant, compared General Robert E. Lee to Hitler and had a mural of him removed (Roberts 3). Will the lack of good-will toward the American culture mean that portraits of President George Washington will be removed too? If the accumulation of immigrants can lead to the final end to the American culture, we must tamper with this topic, once more (Roberts 3). Areas by the ocean, merchants sell live crabs, crabs whose heart is still beating and whose brain is still functioning. These merchants display these animals in open barrels. The crabs always try to escape, but no matter what they can’t. As soon as one crab fails, others always still try. When we try to evade sexism, and racism, we usually discover ourselves in a crab’s shoe. We may try as hard as we want, but we will be pulled in the never ending cycle of despair (Lipsitz 1). Many people work to stop such misanthropical crimes. Professor Lipsitz, a teacher at University of California in San Diego, who believes that we must step up and over-look racial minorities, so that we may create a better society. All racialized groups suffer from environmental racism, cancer, lead poisoning, and childhood malnutrition. Many of these people also suffer from unemployment in Asia, Mexico, and Central America. Under these conditions, professor Lipsitz believes we must form inter-ethnic anti-racism as a tactical essential. Alliances across racial boundaries offer some obvious advantages, they produce strength in numbers, and they are more likely to help towards the future. â€Å"Angela Davis points to workers centers like Asian Immigrant Women Advocates, and lives but not just, class, racial, or gender identities. Such centers also protest against domestic violence, legal advice, and divorce† (Lipsitz 2). Because there is no possible way to improve Asian American immigrant workers and because entrepreneurs are often part of the problem, these efforts will automatically lead to inter-ethnic alliances. Inter-ethnic anti-racism enables many aggrieved groups to focus on oppression, and may show that racialized groups are not just at a disadvantage but are being taken advantage of. Inter-ethnic anti-racism is one way we can see the world as another perspective, rather than our false interpretations. The years 2000-2004 have been a critical moment for everyone, of every cultural belonging. In 2001, Al Qaeda launched a sky attack and crashed a plane on the Twin Towers, killing hundreds of innocent people. Soon, the government started to test people, and determine if they work for Al Qaeda. More than half the time, these government officials deport these immigrants due to racism, or fear, and these deportees became the crabs in the barrel. These misanthropical acts have occurred everywhere, not only in the United States of America. Sri Lanka’s ethnic relations are characterized by periodic disharmony. Since independence, estranged relations between the Sinhalese and the Tamils have continued in the political arena. Intensifying grievances of the latter group against the Sinhalese-dominated governments culminated in the late 1970s in a demand by the Tamil United Liberation Front, the main political party of that community, for an independent Tamil state comprising the northern and eastern provinces. This demand grew increasingly militant and eventually evolved into a separatist war featured by acts of terrorism. The violence to which the Tamils living in Sinhalese-majority areas were subjected in 1983 contributed to this escalation of the conflict. The secessionist demand itself has met with resistance from the other ethnic groups. As long as people have a jealous attitude or behavior, than this ethnic issue could reach out of hand. Literature writer Alan Paton wrote a book called, â€Å"Cry, the Beloved Country†. This book is about a story of Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom set against the background of a land and people driven by racial injustice. â€Å"Because the white man has power, we too want power† (Paton 70). As long as people have this mentality, injustice will throb in each and every person, like a beating heart. Ethnicity varies from person to person. One may be racist towards a group, but no matter the condition anything of this matter must be condoned. When we forget our differences and unite, nothing can stop us from achieving desirable goals. Our world is an imperfect place, and one could throw bricks and stones in many different directions, as even towards a group of people. There are those who believe immigrants consist entirely of destruction, but the problem is that there is no possible way to assume each and every type of ethnic issues that man can devise. There is a truth to the statement that any variable affects another. If you look determinedly enough, you will find that any variable affects the behavior to something that is being examined. One must be able to skim over what is important and what is not relevant to the problem, in this case ethnic relations. Ethnicity should be condoned when it creates a problem or a disturbance in any matter, important or minor.

An Analysis of Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery Essay Example

An Analysis of Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery Essay Example An Analysis of Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery Paper An Analysis of Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery Paper Essay Topic: Everything I Never Told You The Lottery and Other Stories Young Goodman Brown and Other Hawthorne Short Stories An Analysis and Comparing of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery There was a time when majority of Americans were preoccupied with religion. Well, it can also be argued that even in the 21st century most Americans are still into religion but nothing compares to the sincere devotion and strict adherence to religious precepts by those who lived a century ago. They were sometimes called Puritans or Quakers or simply devout Christians. And the atmosphere of religious zeal influenced every fabric of society and as a result literary figures in that era and even those who rose to prominence in the early part of the 20th century could not help but write about God, his saints, and the consequences of righteousness or sin. As far as literature is concerned everything turn out for the good for in the same age classical works flowed from the pens of great writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne and Shirley Jackson. Two of their respective works will be analyzed in this study. This paper will take a closer look at Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown and try to understand it using basic rules of characterization. The proponent of this paper will also try to figure out what Hawthorne was trying to say to his generation and the implications of such insights in todays world. Moreover, another classical work will be examined, The Lottery by Shirley Jackson as it is also one of great works out there with religious undertones and yet complicated enough to challenge even the most wary of readers. Characterization It is a fact that it is much easier to describe what happened to the characters in the story rather than to describe the characters as in doing a characterization. Arp, Johnson and Perrine were able to put it succinctly when they made the following remarks: Analyzing characterization is more difficult than describing plot, for human character is infinitely complex, variable, and ambiguous. Anyone can summarize what a person in a story has done, but a writer needs considerable skill and insight into human beings to describe convincingly who a person is. Even the most complicated plot in a detective story puts far less strain on our understanding than does human nature (2006). To aid in the understanding of the characters in the two short stories, British novelist E. M. Forster pointed out that there are two types of characters: 1) flat and 2) round ( see Arp, Johnson and Perrine, 2006). Flat characters were never developed by the author for a reason and one reason is to allow the reader to focus on the protagonist of the story. Round characters on the other hand are described more in detail and the author allowed more space to describe the development of this particular character because in most cases they are the main characters. It is interesting to note that while a typical story requires the presence of both flat and round characters there are others that can still be as effective even if the story is populated with only â€Å"flat† characters. This is the case with Jacksons The Lottery according to Arp, Johnson and Perrine (2006). And indeed it is interesting as to how Jackson was able to get away with, presenting the reader with only two dimensional characters lacking depth and juicier details that would have satisfied the curiosity of the reading public. But Jackson was not deterred and it added to the power of the narrative about a small town agog about a game of chance with lethal consequences. The Lottery Now, there may be some who will disagree with the idea that Shirley Jacksons masterpiece has religious undertones. Well, that is understandable because there is no mention of any deity in the story. In fact the only major landmark that the author pointed out was the post office and the bank in the middle of the town, suggesting that it is a typical small town during that time. On the other hand it is very clear that Shirley Jackson was trying to economize in her use of words and she omitted the obvious knowing fully well that the audience are well aware that America during this period are very used to another major landmark aside from the two already mentioned. The fact that Jackson did not mention the Church building speaks loudly about her assumptions – the audience already knew the people in the narrative were religious, if not deeply religious. But there is also another reason why one can deduce religious undercurrents and it is the usage of stoning a person to death – or simply stoning her to cause extreme amounts of pain as no one knows if the character died or not – as a ritual to satisfy a religious command. Again, others may counter that Hutchinson was stoned not because it was a religious edict but simply because the people were irritated by her complaints. But there are other evidences that will point to the contrary first of all the stones were already prepared beforehand. The instrument of death was conveniently located where the people can have access to it – piled near the square. Secondly, the word lottery has nothing to do with its modern connotations of grand prizes and multi-millionaire winners. No, on the contrary it was a mechanism to single out a person from a group. And one is reminded of Biblical story where Achan a soldier in the Israelite army refuses to confess his sins, a â€Å"drawing of lots† had to be done to figure out who among the multitudes was guilty of a despicable sin. In the Biblical narrative the offending party had to be narrowed down by first finding out what clan and then what family and finally the lot fell to Achan. Now, there is just so much similarity. In Jacksons tale it was narrowed down to the Hutchinson family and then finally it was narrowed down to the mother, Tessie Hutchinson. And that explains the reason for concluding that religion is the basis for stoning the woman in the story. The attempt to get a good grasp of the story can sometimes become frustrating. And there is only one simple explanation, there is a scarcity of information or seen from another angle there is too much information but not enough to make any connections. For instance there is the Dunbar family which was placed in the narrative for a purpose but it is not obvious to the reader as to the exact reason why Jackson included them in the narrative. But the simpler explanation is really the dearth of information that gives plenty of room for speculation and the possibility of getting lost in ones thoughts as he or she tries to piece it all together. Very little is known about the characters in fact it is very hard to determine which one is the main character. Others would conclude that the heroine was Tessie Hutchinson because it can be argued that she was murdered unjustly as a result of a game of chance. But prior to the stoning there was nothing written to help the readers achieve a deeper understanding of Mrs. Hutchinsons character. When things began to make sense, the story was ended abruptly. Now, others praise the economy of words and infer that it must have been designed that way to create a modern day parable but even going this route does not satisfy because a basic study of parables does not leave a person wanting for more. In fact Biblical parables although much shorter than Jacksons tale does not leave the audience guessing as to what was the moral of the story. In the popular Sunday school parable of a The Foolish Builder – a man who decided to build on sand was rewarded with calamity as the shifting foundation could not hold up the recently completed structure. At the end of the story, those who are eager to listen were admonished to build on the rock which is more stable and much stronger than sand – and no one can miss that lesson. But in the lottery story what was the point of all that? Some critics find common ground in saying that the moral of the story is to resist the evil of herd mentality where the power of the mob rules over reason and also the stupidity of not questioning traditions. Beach et al. explains this phenomenon, â€Å"The townspeople blindly adhere to community traditions regardless of their destructiveness; when some townspeople begin to question this practice, noting that a nearby town discontinued the lottery, an older man comments, Weve always had a lottery, reflecting blind adherence to status quo community norms† (2006). This is an acceptable argument but there are still some unanswered questions, such as whether the stoning was part of the tradition or was it merely a violent reaction to Mrs. Hutchinsons protest? Young Goodman Brown Although Nathaniel Hawthornes work is arguably a byproduct of genius it can be said that this one is easier to understand than Jacksons short story. In Young Goodman Brown the reader is taken to familiar territory. There is one round character and a host of flat characters whose interactions blends well to create a fictional world able to instruct the reader about the danger of falling away from their faith. Unlike the previous work of fiction there is a wealth of background information that can be used to fully understand Hawthornes work. For instance Michael McCabe research allowed a glimpse into old world America where Puritans were a great influencer of society and McCabe wrote, â€Å"Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of Gods grace. Because man had broken the covenant of works when Adam had eaten from the tree God offered a new covenant to Abrahams people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility† (1998). This piece of information illuminates, it gives the reason as to why the story was told that way. Goodman Brown was vexed with an almost schizophrenic existence always suspicious and imagining that everyone around him is not one hundred percent sincere with their motives and this is because he is merely reflecting the anguish he is feeling inside as a result of the legalistic pressure coming from the Puritan society. Conclusion Two works of fiction can be compared and contrasted by simply studying the characters. In Jackson’s masterpiece all the characters are flat characters and she did not allow one to develop more fully than the others. It was already late into the story when the reader realized the importance of Mrs. Hutchinson and by that time the story was ended abruptly. This technique added to the popularity of the story as more and more people find it a challenge to interpret it correctly. On the other hand Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown is very much interesting in two ways. The first one is due to its ability to bring the audience into a place where he can get a glimpse of what America was like a few centuries ago; the impact of religion constructive and destructive – able to build and at the same time destroy if paranoia and legalism are allowed to roam free. Secondly, Hawthorne was able to demonstrate his genius by manipulating rules about characterization. It has been said that flat characters need no further description because the reader had enough stock knowledge about this type of character. For instance the Sheriff is tough and yet fair, a symbol of law and order. But in the story of Goodman Brown the flat characters did not stay true to the assigned roles. The minister did not stay pure but became the leader of the witch coven and that the pure young ladies in Church where actually guilty of abortion.

Combining Sentences

Combining Sentences Combining Sentences Combining Sentences By Mark Nichol One cure for flabby prose is greater attention to more lean, muscular writing by, whenever possible, creating a subordinate clause for one sentence by combining another sentence with it. Here are five examples of this approach. 1. Robert Gordon Sproul was a member of the University of California’s class of 1912. He was appointed to serve as comptroller of the university in 1914 and then served as president from 1930 to 1958. The two pieces of biographical information can be unified into one sentence by deleting was in the first sentence and making the rest of the statement a parenthetical, then deleting the subject of the second sentence and combining the subject and parenthesis of the first with the rest of the second: â€Å"Robert Gordon Sproul, a member of the University of California’s class of 1912, was appointed to serve as comptroller of the university in 1914 and then served as president from 1930 to 1958.† 2. â€Å"Senate Bill 7 had been written by the Water and Forest Association. It called for the creation of an unpaid three-member commission.† These sentences can be combined with the same procedure as used in the previous example, but the context may require the addition of which and the retention of â€Å"had been†: â€Å"Senate Bill 7, which had been written by the Water and Forest Association, called for the creation of an unpaid three-member commission.† 3. â€Å"The group meets once a week. During each meeting, students participate in a mini-lesson that explains specific conventions or spelling patterns.† Here, cannibalize the first sentence to insert modifying words or phrases based on the two nouns into the second one: â€Å"During each weekly meeting, students in the group participate in a mini-lesson that explains specific conventions or spelling patterns.† 4. He started work on a project he called Real Life/Reel Life. It was based on a book called Screen Test: How Movie Stars Separate Real Life and Reel Life. Alter the first few words of the second sentence to change it to an introductory subordinate clause, then attach the first sentence to it as the main clause: â€Å"Inspired by a book called Screen Test: How Movie Stars Separate Real Life and Reel Life, he started work on a project he called Real Life/Reel Life.† 5. â€Å"The documentary was based on Major Alexander De Severksy’s book Victory through Air Power, which was published in 1942. The book made the case that the nature of war was changing dramatically.† The easiest revision, â€Å"The documentary, based on Major Alexander De Severksy’s book Victory through Air Power (published in 1942), made the case that the nature of war was changing dramatically,† changes the meaning somewhat, attaching the thesis to the documentary rather than the book (which may be valid, as both the book and film may make the case). Here’s an alternative that preserves the intent of the original sentences: â€Å"The documentary was based on Major Alexander De Severksy’s book, Victory through Air Power, published in 1942, which made the case that the nature of war was changing dramatically.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Among vs. Amongst10 Types of Hyphenation Errors

The Power of Story - A Game for Adult Students

The Power of Story - A Game for Adult Students Ideal Size Up to 20. Divide larger groups. Use For Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting where the topic would be enriched by the sharing of personal stories. This exercise gives everyone a chance to share their story  and helps you manage storytelling later. Time Needed Depends on the number of people and the time you allow for personal stories. Materials Needed Nothing, but you must communicate with participants beforehand. They will need to bring a personal item related to your topic. Instructions Send your students an email or letter prior to their arrival at your class or meeting and ask them to bring a personal item that is somehow related to the topic you will be discussing. When it’s time for students to introduce themselves, explain that you want to recognize and honor the life experiences and wisdom they bring to your classroom. Ask them to give their name, present the item they brought, and, in a minute or two, tell the group the story behind that item. Why did they choose it?What special memory does it elicit for them?What is its significance given your topic? Debrief Ask for a few volunteers to share any surprises they experienced as people shared their stories. Did anyone’s item and story cause them to think differently about your topic? The Heros Journey is so important in the understanding of story. Make sure your students are familiar with its elements.

The Summary of African Queen Movie Applying Thomas Fosters Terms Review

The Summary of African Queen Applying Thomas Fosters Terms - Movie Review Example Charlie’s coarse behavior is intolerable, though the Sayers tolerate it in a rather stiff manner. Charlies’ behavior is considered to be a little too rough and that edges around their proper Christian and British sensibilities. My Allnut’s heavy drinking habit is regard as problematic by the Sayers (Huston and John, p. 234). Charlie warns them about the oncoming World War I which broke out between Britain and Germany. The Sayers opt to continue staying in East Africa, only to witness the Sudanese Soldiers (In East Africa) led by the Germans touch their mission village and flee the villagers. The Germans believes that this is the only way to control the natives and train them to offer military services. Due to the raiding on the village and burning of the village houses, Reverend Sayer experienced a serious shock and delirious with fever after watching what the Germans did and later passed away. Mr. Allnut returns shortly after the raid. He is informed that the Reverend has passed on and they then bury him. Mr. Allnut soon helps Sister Sayer escape from the ravaged Germans by boarding the African Queen. The ravaged missionary compound is left bare, and no person is left in the compound. Along the way, Mr. Allnut mentions to Sister Sayer how the German have a gunboat (Queen Luise) which monitors and contro l a large water body downriver where they effectively block themselves from any British attack.

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example Becoming a better leader is an important and worthy cause. Good leaders are able to motivate and improve the performance of the employees. Being a charismatic leader can be beneficial, but charismatic leadership is not the only effective form of leadership. Other leadership styles such as transformational and transactional leadership can help a manager lead a company in a productive manner. Behavioral theories and situational contingency theories can also be used by managers to improve leadership. Workplace diversity is a critical driver of innovation in an organization. The reason that diversity helps foster innovation is because a diverse workforce is more creative than a homogeneous workforce. The human resource department is responsible for hiring a diverse workforce composition within an enterprise. I believe that a lot of innovative companies have a diverse workforce. Due to the globalization movement many multinational firms operate in various countries simultaneously. These firms have to be adept at dealing with workforce diversity issues. Creativity within a workforce leads to product innovation. Do you think that motivation is best fostered with extrinsic rewards such as money or do you think that organizations and leaders should strive to develop intrinsic motivation (love of job, making a difference, etc.)? I believe that the most effective motivator is the use of extrinsic rewards. People at work are motivated by financial rewards. Some financial rewards often used by corporations include bonuses, commissions, and stock option plans. Intrinsic rewards can be effective as a secondary type of motivator. A firm can become more â€Å"asshole resistant† by recruiting employees that have strong moral character. The implementation of a code of ethics can create standards of conduct that the employees of a company must follow. High ethical conduct is desirable in all the

Compare and contrast California's 2011 Statewide Redistricting Process Essay

Compare and contrast California's 2011 Statewide Redistricting Process with the one done in 2001. Will the new process live up t - Essay Example Would 2011 redistricting when appropriately done help to ensure that every voter is equally represented unlike previous redistricting of 2001? This paper thus compares the 2011 and 2001 redistricting of California State. Introduction As compared to 2001 redistricting the 2011 redistricting disagreements appears to start again in California (Rosen). This has been sparked by the recently redistricting reform proposals that were offered by Governor of California state, Democratic legislators as well as lobby groups and ordinary citizens. Throughout their proposals, these legislatures and activists embrace that redistricting should be done by an independent commission. According to researches, this observations redistricting by 2011 would result to be one of the best ever experienced California. This would be because the opportunity the process would allow citizens to decide democratically the mapping of their administration through the independent commission elected by their leaders bas ed on the authority vested to them (Maviglio 38). These commissions are as established by the people and the federal government. For instance: Advisory Commission: establishes suggestions which are handed over to legislative. These suggestions can be adopted or rejected by the legislature. The advisory commission is practiced in Vermont as well as in Maine. Primary commissions: this team has the independent mandate to formulate and implement redistricting projections. States that practice this type of arrangement are New Jersey, Ohio, Colorado, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Alaska, Arkansas, Washington, and California (Cressman 6). Backup Commissions: convenes only when the legislature has failed to enact redistricting program. In such events, this commission has the capacity of drawing new district boundaries. This type of commission is active in Connecticut Illinois, Oklahoma, Texas and Mississippi. Thomas of Brookings Institute observes that after every ten as stipulated by the governme nt of the United States, a census is conducted in the all States which is used to readjust population figures throughout the country (Statewide Database). These established population figures would then applied to determine redistricting which is the re-drawing of state legislative district and Congressional leadership. Evaluations indicate that immediately the census outcomes have been released, states would be commissioned to carry out the redistricting activities. In considerable number of states the activities of redistricting are led by the state governor and legislature. In California boundaries determine administrative lines of Board of Equalization districts and Assembly. Currently, the California State Legislature draws those lines themselves. However, due to politicization this has resulted to decreased number of persons turning out for census as well as redistricting (Bickerstaff 45). For instance, Thomas of Brookings Institute (Maviglio 43) intimated that some Congressio nal Districts are systematically crafted inkblots. In such districts, voters might be made to think that they choose elected officials, however it’s the elected leaders who choose them. However, the legislative redistricting, carried out by an independent commission comprising partisan appointees, would be less egregious. This arrangement has received consent from political scientists who agree that an independent co

Eating disorders Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eating disorders - Annotated Bibliography Example Mainly, people lack awareness of these disorders or they are ashamed of discussing their symptoms with other people (Becker et al 1999, p. 1092). According to the authors, these disorders mainly occur in young women who are in adolescent age. Nevertheless, 40 percent of binge-eating problem appears in young men and boys. The authors insist that the disorders are prevalent in societies that are highly developed in comparison to undeveloped societies. The occurrence is also along socioeconomic classes. According to the authors, the disorders appear to be caused by genetic, psycho-developmental and also social-cultural aspects of a person. They also argue that in some cases eating disorders may cause depression which may result to suicide by the individual. Treatment of eating disorders can be through outpatient management and medical treatment. Although outpatient setting is more adequate in critical cases, inpatient care is more appropriate. Some of the indications of inpatient care include; extreme loss of weight which is rapid. On the other hand, high risk of suicide and acute medical disorders are symptoms of outpatient treatment (Becker et al 1999, p. 1092). The authors insist that medical treatment mainly aim at both preventing and correcting the complications of excess weight and purging. Treatment also occur routinely mainly involving educating the patients on the importance of taking a keen notice on the symptoms and monitoring any body weight change. Educating about how to adjust nutrition and caloric intake is also an important aspect in medical treatment. This treatment involves individual, group and family support for the task to be successful (Becker et al 1999, p. 1095). The authors also propose that psychiatric treatment approaches can play an important part in treating people with eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is a condition that responds well family therapy. Interpersonal interaction is also

Does Journalism still matter to society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Does Journalism still matter to society - Essay Example The arrival of new technologies and advancements in communication channels have revolutionized journalism. For one this has initiated a shift away from traditional journalism that has its roots in print media. Technological advancements in the form of the Internet have led to a decline in print circulations (O’Sullivan and Heinonen 2008). A significantly large readership now accesses the Web as a source of information. This is why many newspapers have expanded their presence to the Web with print versions being synchronized with the web content. The shift towards web technologies have been critical in introducing new practices to journalism that have reshaped traditional journalism (Pavlik 2000). As such, media outlets such as the social media is increasingly occupying an important place as one of the leading sources of news and information (Franklin 2012). Another implication is that a large number of users primarily use social media sources to seek information with an increa singly large amount of information being available on new media sources. This shows that traditional media has essentially declined and so has traditional journalism that emphasized print media. This has also changed the business model of journalism which relied earlier on advertising revenues resulting from sales of their print assets. Therefore, it is apparent that the nature of traditional journalism has changed especially with the demise of print media outlets and the rise of the Internet and social media.

Eating disorders Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eating disorders - Annotated Bibliography Example Mainly, people lack awareness of these disorders or they are ashamed of discussing their symptoms with other people (Becker et al 1999, p. 1092). According to the authors, these disorders mainly occur in young women who are in adolescent age. Nevertheless, 40 percent of binge-eating problem appears in young men and boys. The authors insist that the disorders are prevalent in societies that are highly developed in comparison to undeveloped societies. The occurrence is also along socioeconomic classes. According to the authors, the disorders appear to be caused by genetic, psycho-developmental and also social-cultural aspects of a person. They also argue that in some cases eating disorders may cause depression which may result to suicide by the individual. Treatment of eating disorders can be through outpatient management and medical treatment. Although outpatient setting is more adequate in critical cases, inpatient care is more appropriate. Some of the indications of inpatient care include; extreme loss of weight which is rapid. On the other hand, high risk of suicide and acute medical disorders are symptoms of outpatient treatment (Becker et al 1999, p. 1092). The authors insist that medical treatment mainly aim at both preventing and correcting the complications of excess weight and purging. Treatment also occur routinely mainly involving educating the patients on the importance of taking a keen notice on the symptoms and monitoring any body weight change. Educating about how to adjust nutrition and caloric intake is also an important aspect in medical treatment. This treatment involves individual, group and family support for the task to be successful (Becker et al 1999, p. 1095). The authors also propose that psychiatric treatment approaches can play an important part in treating people with eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is a condition that responds well family therapy. Interpersonal interaction is also

Effects of climate change in an area Term Paper

Effects of climate change in an area - Term Paper Example Introduction To further discuss climate change it is important to discuss what climate change is. Climate change can be identified by, â€Å"a long term shift in climate measured by changes in temperature, precipitation, wind, and other indicators.† (GovernmentofCanada2011). Climate change is basically the result of too much pollution within earth’s atmosphere. The pollution causes the ozone layer to become thin. The thinning of the ozone layer allows earth’s climate to become warmer than usual. The slow increase in earth’s temperature creates an effect on earth’s resources. Because of these changes, oceans, wildlife and nature have been forced to adapt and many creatures and habitats have become unsuccessful in adapting. History of Climate Change Climate change is said to have begun during the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a time during the 1800’s when manufacturing began to take over the world. According to, The Cambr idge Dictionary of Scientist, â€Å"the increase of carbon dioxide has jumped overwhelmingly since the mid 1800’s.† Studies on carbon dioxide levels show that the concentration of carbon dioxide in ppmv’s has gone up by over one hundred. Many things that one may see and do everyday are contributors to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The most common contributor is human transportation. Almost every type of human transportation emits carbon dioxide into the air. Planes, automobiles, trains and anything that burns fuel is a contributor to climate change. Automobiles are not the only contributor. Manufacturing plants are all over the world and can account for huge carbon dioxide emissions. An article by The New York Times explains, â€Å"Eating lunch in a cafeteria can cause climate change† (Rosenthal2010). One may contemplate the truth of the given claim. How can eating lunch at a cafeteria cause climate change? The answer is simple. Many of the foods in a cafeteria are produced in a manufacturing facility. Manufacturing facilities create carbon dioxide. When eating foods that have been made by creating harmful gasses, one is contributing to global warming which creates climate change. Climate Change effects on the Ocean Climate change is harmful to the earth’s ocean. Water is a necessary for survival. The ocean, like many other water sources does not stand still. The ocean circulates. The circulation allows for water to remain fresh. The circulation of water is like natures own way of cleaning itself. â€Å"The winds of the air drive most of the oceans circulation† (Toggweiler2008). The warming climate changes the way that the winds blow. Since the winds are changed, so is the way that the ocean circulates. The changes in water circulation due to climate change have their affects on our oceans. The ocean cools and warms by circulation. It is obvious that the changes in circulation will have its affects o n the ocean. Since the ocean makes up more than half of the earth, it is important to keep the ocean temperatures stable. Change in ocean temperature cause many problems. The warming of the ocean because of climate change and global warming has its affects on ocean life. Coral in the Mediterranean, â€Å"is becoming bleached and no longer produces as vibrant of colors† (Global Changing Biology2005). The bleaching of the coral is not the only problem that affects the ocean. Fish and fisherman dependent on fishing are affected by the climate change of

Sir Isaac Newton Essay Example for Free

Sir Isaac Newton Essay Sir Isaac Newton-one of the greatest minds in history. He was an all-around genius. He was a mathematician, a natural philosopher, an inventor, and an English physicist. Some of the phenomenal things he did include studying how light reacts to reflection, formulating laws of universal gravitation and motion, and built the first ever reflecting telescope. In 1642 Isaac Newton was born into a very poor farming family in Woolsthorpe, England. When he was very young, his grandma took over and raised him. During this time, he and his grandma lived with a man who took Newton under his wing. Newton then discovered his love for chemical operations. Even though Newton was terrible at grammar and school in general, (at his school in a nearby town) he excelled when it came to using his hands. He made sundials, model windmills, a water clock, a mechanical carriage, and flew kites with lanterns attached to their tails. At only 14, Newton’s mother had taken him out of school to continue the family farming. Since his father died before he was even born, Newton didn’t have much of a father figure to help teach him how to farm properly. Even though he was great with his hands, he was horrible at farming. The family was then persuaded to let him go to the University of Cambridge to study to become a preacher. He was accepted into Cambridge in the year of 1161. His studies included arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy, and optics. One of Newton’s professors was Isaac Barrow. The two of them clicked. Barrow could see Newton’s desire for learning. He challenged him with great passion. When Newton was 23 he had already received his bachelor’s degree. Just that year, 1665, the very deadly Bubonic Plague (Black Death) had hit. Newton was forced to leave Cambridge. He had returned back to his home town of Woolsthorpe. He stayed there for two years to do independent studies. This is what started Newton to study the things he is known for by today. In some way, the Black Death could be considered a good thing. In the sense that if it had never happened, we wouldn’t have laws of gravity. While at home he made great progress in what we call â€Å"method of fluxions† (calculus) and this was also the time when Newton observed the apple falling from the tree. Newton continued to stay in contact with Isaac Barrow. He sent some of this  work to Barrow, Barrow then made sure Newton’s work was known to several of the leading mathematicians of Britain and Europe. Once he hit age 30, year 1675, Newton suffered a mental breakdown which continued well until 1684. During this time, he was trying to prove to a man named Hooke that particles would spiral into the center of the Earth, rather than form an ellipse. Halley, a man who was also interested in orbits; finally convinced Newton to publish his work. Newton devoted 2 years to work on the project. The result became one of the most important and influential works on physics of all times, ‘Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica’ (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) often shortened to Principia Mathematica .The Principia didn’t show up until late summer 1687. When writing the book Newton tried especially hard to make it very difficult to read, so people wouldn’t attack his ideas. In the early 1690’s, possibly in response to the intellectual exertion of writing the Principia, Newton suffered a period of depression. He started his work on the moon’s motions. A few years later Newton published another great book called Optics which explained the theory of light and color as well as some of his mathematic ways. In 1725, Newton moved from London to Kensington for health reasons. Two years later Newton died from health issues. Newton really changed the ways of math. If it weren’t for him, we wouldn’t have such a high math level as we do today.

Death Penalty Argumentative Essay

Death Penalty Argumentative Essay The death penalty is the ultimate punishment. There is no harsher punishment than death itself. Currently fifty-eight nations practice the death penalty. Our nation, the United States of America, is one of the fifty-eight nations that practice the death penalty. Currently the United States will only use the death penalty, if one commits first-degree murder. Individuals that believe in the death penalty believe that capital punishment will deter murderers. In this paper, I will be arguing that the death penalty does not deter criminals and that the United States should outlaw the practice. Before I make my argument, I would like to provide some background information regarding the death penalty to the readers. The idea of capital punishment was brought over from Britain, when the founding fathers declared independence. Our ancestors loved the idea of the death penalty, since it was a common part of life. Europeans gave the death penalty for various crimes. The first recorded execution in America occurred in Jamestown, 1608. A man named George Kendall was executed for treason. In the earlier colonial days, laws regarding capital punishment varied area to area. During the nineteen century, the death penalty changed dramatically. Around this time the death penalty started to lose popularity. States no longer committed public executions. All executions were done in private. Pennsylvania was the first state to adopt this trend. Eventually some states abolished the death penalty all together. In current times, fourteen out of fifty states no longer carry out the death penalty. These states are Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Rhone Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. In addition, a series of cases regarding the death penalty went to the Supreme Court. Many tried to argue that the death penalty violated the eighth amendments and that capital punishment is cruel and unusual. In 1972, Furman v. Georgia successfully brought an temporary end to the death penalty for ten years. Eventually the death penalty was reinstated with the execution of Gary Gillmore on January 17, 1977. As of today, the United States still practices capital punishment. However there are limitations. For example, the government cannot execute the mentally handicap and is not supposed to execute juveniles. The United States currently has six ways to execute, lethal injection, electrocution, lethal gas, a firing squad and hanging. Methods will vary state by state. Although the United States still practices the death penalty, executions are declining, compare to the past, according to statistics. Those that are for the death penalty claims that the death penalty will serve as a deterrence and is the only way for retribution against murderers. Both issues are highly debatable and have been a subject of criticism. Punishment as a deterrence has been a goal for ages. This concept does work, but it should not be applied to all criminals, in my opinion. Pro capital punishment individuals claims that it is an efficient deterrence against criminals. In the article Death penalty is a deterrence, the authors claims that by practicing the death penalty, violent crimes will decrease. violent crime has declined 11 percent, with murder showing the largest decline at even more than 22 percent. We believe that this has occurred in part because of the strong signal that the death penalty sent to violent criminals and murderer.  [1]  These statistics taken from this article may be inaccurate and should be closely examined. There is a huge amount of conflicting evidence from similar studies done currently and in the past. Retribution has also been a goal for punishment. Logically if a killer is put to death then there would be no more killings. American society seems to favor retribution. An eye for an eye has been a law for ages. In a pro death penalty article, the author believes that, When someone takes a life, the balance of justice is disturbed. Unless that balance is restored, society succumbs to a rule of violence. Only the taking of the murderers life restores the balance and allows society to show convincingly that murder is an intolerable crime which will be punished in kind.  [2]  This ideology has many flaws, mainly with morality issues. For example, if the country is punishing one for killing, what gives the country the right to kill? Both articles fail to present any solid evidence that supports their thesis. Death penalty is a deterrence had statistical information, but fail to present how the information was obtained. Depending on the researchers information gathering methods, the statistical information could have been different. For example In an article in the Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Dr. Jeffrey Fagan of Columbia University describes numerous serious errors in recent deterrence studies, including improper statistical analyses and missing data and variables that are necessary to give a full picture of the criminal justice system. Fagan writes, There is no reliable, scientifically sound evidence that [shows that executions] can exert a deterrent effectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. These flaws and omissions in a body of scientific evidence render it unreliable as a basis for law or policy that generate life-and-death decisions.  [3]  There needs to be solid evidence in order to prove a theory. Those who clai m that the death penalty is an efficient deterrence fail to submit conclusive evidence, therefore as a critic, we should dismiss the claim that the death penalty works as deterrence. In addition, many studies seem to disprove the theory that the death penalty is a good deterrence against violent crimes and murders. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, states without the death penalty have had lower murder rates. In their seventeen-year old study, states without the death penalty showed a 40% decrease in murder rates. In regards to the article Death penalty is a deterrence, New York has now abolished the death penalty and their murder rate has gone down significantly compared to when the state was still practicing capital punishment. In fact, in the first year that New York abolished the death penalty they saw a four percent decrease in their murder rates. The reason why the death penalty does not serve as deterrence is that offenders do not believe they will be caught. Logically, no one would commit a murder, if one knew he/she was to be executed. Deterrence is a psychological process. Therefore, if an offender does not believe that a real risk is present, there will be no deterrence. The death penalty as retribution no longer makes sense in our current society. By executing an offender, our government, is sending subliminal messages regarding murder. The point of capital punishment is because the United States government wants to express that killing is an intolerable crime. By killing, an offender the government is contradicting itself. In addition, the death penalty can be seen as revenge. We are simply taking an eye for an eye. Two wrongs will not make a right. Killing a murderer will not bring back the murdered. In the 21th century our criminals laws should now reflect a higher standard that an eye for an eye. In current times, the death penalty can no longer be claimed as an efficient form of retribution. There are huge delays in carrying out the executions of an inmate. Statistics show that there is over an eight-year wait before an execution can take place. In fact, most death row inmates die of old age, before their execution sentence. Californias death row is a great example. Since 1976, only thirteen inmates have been executed. Currently there are around seven hundred inmates in Californias death row. If the trend continues, that would mean most of the inmates would die of natural causes before their execution sentence can be carried out. Those that claim the death penalty as retribution fail to take notice of the execution process in our criminal justice system. Legally an inmate is allowed to appeal his/her case. Appealing is needed in the American criminal justice system because the process is designed to protect against human errors. An average appeal can take over ten years. There are simply not enough judges to response to all case reviews. For example, the United States Supreme court receives thousands of case reviews annually, but because there are only nine judges in the Supreme Court, only a handful of cases are reviewed. For these reasons, the death penalty cannot be claim as an efficient form of retribution. Since the death penalty is no longer an affected punishment, I purposed that we abolish the practice in the United States. Throughout Americas history, many have tried to abolish the death penalty. Many were successful in temporary abolishing the death penalty, but most states reinstated the death penalty after judicial review. The most current issue regarding the abolishment of the death penalty was Baze v. Rees. Baze V. Rees, was an attack on the process of execution, specifically lethal injections. Baze argues that lethal injections is a form of cruel and unusual punishment and went against the constitution. That debate ultimately failed, since the judges ruled in favor of the death penalty. The trial court held extensive hearings and entered detailed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law. It recognized that [t]here are no methods of legal execution that are satisfactory to those who oppose the death penalty on moral, religious, or societal grounds, but concluded that the proced ure complies with the constitutional requirements against cruel and unusual punishment.  [4]  Baze V. Rees was a good attempt in trying to abolish the death penalty, but ultimately was unsuccessful because they were attacking the process not the problem. In addition, Baze fail to show any solid evidence that lethal injections may cause pain. In order to abolish the death penalty in the United States successfully, one would need to make a case to the United States Supreme Court. One would need to submit a writ of either certiorari, mandamus, or prohibition. In addition, one can appeal against the death penalty. If the case were selected, then one would need to argue that the death penalty is no longer a form of justice. The key to winning this case, in my opinion, is to present solid and conclusive evidence. Show the nine justices, that the death penalty is a waste of resources and unconstitutional. Some may criticize that by abolishing the death penalty, crime rates will increase. Studies have already shown that the death penalty will not deter criminals. Currently there is no solid evidence that proves that the death penalty will deter criminals; however, there is evidence showing that states with no death penalty has a lower murder rate than states with the death penalty. In a recent examination, researchers concluded that the estimates claiming that the death penalty saves numerous lives are simply not credible. In fact, researchers stated that using the same data and proper methodology could lead to the exact opposite conclusion: that is, that the death penalty actually increases the number of murders  [5]  . Conclusive evidence such as the fact should dispel any criticism regarding the death penalty and murder rates. The death penalty should be abolish. Those that believe in the death penalty, failed to make their case. There is no conclusive evidence that supports their claims. There is evidence however that the death penalty is failing. Executing a death row inmate is no longer an easy task. There can be long delays in the execution process. Inmates are dying before their execution sentence can be carried out. For all the reasons stated above, the United States of America should abolish the death penalty. Work Cited Death Penalty Curriculum A just society requires the death penalty for the taking of a life: Agree, Michigan State University http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/node/10 Death Penalty Information Center, Discussion of Recent Deterrence Studies, Berkeley Electronic Press http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/discussion-recent-deterrence-studies Death Penalty Information Center, Discussion of Recent Deterrence Studies, Ohio State Journal http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/discussion-recent-deterrence-studies George E. Pataki, Death penalty is a deterrent, USA Today http://www.prodeathpenalty.com/Articles/Pataki.htm Unknown Author, RALPH BAZE AND THOMAS C. BOWLING, Petitionersv.JOHN D. REES, COMMISSIONER, KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ET AL. United States Supreme Court. 2008, 1

Can One Perceive Or Confirm The Existence Of An Idea Or Object That Is :: essays research papers

Can One Perceive Or Confirm The Existence Of An Idea Or Object That Is External To Him Mainly - God? "I think therefore I am." Man wills, refuses, perceives, understands, and denies many principles. As explained by Rene' Descartes, man is a thinking thing, a conscious being who truthfully exists because he is certain that it is so. All that man perceives is internally present and not external to him or his mind. The focal point of the third meditation that must be dealt with is: Can one perceive or confirm the existence of an idea or object that is external to him mainly - God? There are three ways, Descartes explains, that one may come to the conclusion of an objects existence. The first is through nature. The second is through feeling an object independent of one's will, for example; heat and cold. The third, and most elaborated upon is the point of cause and effect, or more simply, the objective reality of an idea. We will primarily deal with the third reason of cause and effect. Descartes brings some examples to demonstrate his cause and effect theory. More importantly, is the logic that lies behind the actual theory. The rationale that an object will have an effect is only if it stems from a legitimate cause. A stone, for example, cannot be perceived accurately if there isn't an initial idea preceding with equal or superior properties in one's intellect. The mind generates ideas and develops reality through previous schema or beliefs as Descartes states: "And although an idea may give rise to another idea, this regress cannot, nevertheless, be infinite;we must in the end reach a first idea, the cause of which is, as it were, the archetype in which all the reality that is found objectively in these ideas is contained formally." Additionally, properties such as color, sound, heat, and cold are too complex in their nature for Descartes to determine whether they are true or false. In other words, are the ideas that one has about a property true or false? Consequently, Descartes concludes that there is a common element between examples like the stone and the cold. The cold portraying the unreal or false object and the stone as a true object. He contends that they both contain "substance" like man himself, and are therefore similar. The only difficulty that arises is the consideration of God's existence. There is no substance or idea for the notion of God to originate from. The valid question that Descartes asks is: Is it conceivable that a finite being have the idea of an infinite existence?

Business Plan †Tfbg Essay

Product The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. has designed and is now developing a line of enhanced water products using a micro-targeting strategy. Consumers will be able to choose from a diverse, yet highly specific product offering based on their supplemental dietary or hydration needs. Each product will be optimized for vitamin content, electrolyte content, caloric content, and energy boost. We are currently in the process of developing three (3) of the targeted formulations. What makes our enhanced water products so unique is that all of these products will contain levels of Vitamin D3. Our major competitors – from Sobe, to VitaminWater, to Propel, and the rest – do not have enhanced waters that contain Vitamin D3. Because of the amounts of research data available, we may be able to make health claims concerning our formulations – claims that the other functional waters can’t make. Currently, there is no major marketer of a functional water product containing Vitamin D3. Why Vitamin D3? – Over the last two years, there has been a rash of research emerging concerning the lack of Vitamin D in our diets. Many physicians agree that the levels of Vitamin D suggested by current U.S. guidelines are insufficient. The lack of Vitamin D in the diet is beginning to gain notoriety by obstetricians, gynecologists, oncologists, pediatricians, and orthopedists across the country giving rise to what is being labeled as a new â€Å"epidemic† – Vitamin D deficiency. Our Technology – Vitamin D has chemical properties which causes it to be virtually insoluble in water. Therefore, a beverage company would need to develop the technology to dissolve Vitamin D3 into a water product using food grade ingredients while at the same time making a product that is pleasing in both taste and appearance. The Research and Development Team of The Functional Beverage Group has developed the technology to accomplish these goals. We are now seeking raise capital in order to finalize our formulation development and bring these product formulations to market. Investment Opportunity A $500,000 initial investment (available in units of $10,000 each) provides an equity position in The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. This funding will allow the FBG to complete initial development of its product line, develop informational web-site, and cover the legal fees and other expenses related to the completion of the second round of funding for the development of the operating company – Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc. Exit Strategy Our research has shown that most beverage companies are in the acquisition and/or partnering mode. Recently, many small beverage makers have been purchased by larger entities such as Coke, Pepsi, and Dr. Pepper/Snapple. Some of the more recent purchases include Coca-Cola’s purchases of Glaceau’s VitaminWater and SmartWater brands ($4.1 billion), Fuze Beverage ($327 million), Agua Brisa ($92 million), and Jugos del Valle ($456 million). Of more interest to The Functional Beverage Group is the recent investment of approximately $5 million the Dr. Pepper/Snapple Group made into Hydrive Energy, LLC. The Functional Beverage Group believes that our functional waters containing D3 will be a good fit for any of those organizations and therefore we can offer an attractive exit plan for our investors. In an otherwise sluggish merger-and-acquisitions market, successful beverage firms are still the darlings of Wall Street deal makers. According to the December 9, 2009 edition of the Wall Street Journal, November was the biggest month in over a year for deals involving consumer products and food and drinks firms with $12.54 billion in acquisitions. One of those companies for sale is Cliffstar Corp., a New York based fruit-juice and sports-drink maker. Cliffstar has hired Morgan Stanley to conduct an auction and has entered a second round of bidding, said several people familiar with the matter. Closely held Cliffstar has annual earnings around $75 million and is seeking seven to eight times earnings, which would put it a sales price at $500 million to $600 million, according to the article. Budget Statement Our revenue and expense projections are based on exhaustive industry research based on the cost to manufacture and market a new beverage product. In estimating revenues, we look at three products currently on the market: 1) Wal-Mart’s Acai-based Energy Drink, 2) Hy-Drive Energy Drink, and 3) DRANK Relaxation drink. These products are thought to be some of the most innovative products at the time of their introduction. Our revenue projections are conservative. If we can achieve early adoption into the major retailers like Wal-Mart or Target, we can far exceed those revenue projections. Our initial investors will become members of The Functional Beverage Group, Inc – an intellectual property development organization. Because The Functional Beverage Group, Inc will have few expenses and we expect to become profitable by Year 2. Most of these profits will be distributed as dividends to our shareholders. Figure 1. The Functional Beverage Group, Inc – 5 Yr Revenue Projections [pic] The Functional Beverage Group, Inc will maintain an approximate 40% stake in Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc (FFBI). FFBI will have the primary responsibility of manufacturing and market products licensed from The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. Figure 2. Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc – 5 Yr Sales Projections [pic] 2. The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. The Functional Beverage Group, Inc (The FBG), an Illinois Corporation was established in 2009 with a one core purpose – to become the preeminent supplier of functional or enhanced water products. The FBG is developing a line of functional water products based on the diverse needs of the functional water consumer. The consumer will be able to choose from a diverse yet highly specific product offering for their supplemental dietary or hydration needs. Each product is optimized for vitamin content, electrolyte content, caloric content, and energy boost. Our marketing will focus on grass roots efforts as well as forming alliances, partnerships, and promotional agreements with A-List celebrities to produce other unique marketing angles. Our business model will be split into three separate entities: 1) The Functional Beverage Group, Inc – an intellectual property organization responsible for the development and licensing of proprietary enhanced water products and other beverages to be produced and marketed by its subsidiary operating company, Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc. 2) Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc – the operating company responsible for the manufacturing of products developed by The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc will have the exclusive right to manufacture and market products developed by The Functional Beverage Group, Inc. Functional Foods & Beverages will be managed by individuals with food and beverage industry experience. Although this organization will be managed by beverage industry professionals, selected members of the Functional Beverage Group, Inc will act as consultants to the organization. 3) Functional Beverage Real Estate Holdings, LLC – a real estate holding company responsible for acquiring any land and buildings associated with the manufacturing and distribution of products sold by Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc. The Functional Real Estate Holdings, LLC will seek to locate facilities in areas where they can take advantage of incentives such as TIF financing, property tax concessions, and vacant or unused property incentives. [pic] Figure 3. Proposed Operating Structure 3. Management Team Our core management team consists of: Shelby Parchman, President – MS Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology. Mr. Parchman has worked in new product development in the pharmaceutical and nutrition arenas for both Baxter Healthcare Corporation and the Amoco Corporation (Now BP). Mr. Parchman has years of experience working in the manufacture and formulation of analogs of Vitamin D3. In addition, he has a 15-year track record of success in working with start-up and entrepreneurial organizations. Mr. Parchman’s background in product development and nutrition has been instrumental in developing the unique features and formulations of our product mix. Edward A. Williams, Corporate Treasurer – JD, DePaul University School of Law, CPA (Licensed in IL & IN). Mr. Williams specializes in legal matters in the following practice areas: Tax Law, Tax Planning, Tax Litigation, Civil Practice, and Federal Taxation. Mr. Williams has represented several notable clients including the late Bernie Mac. Marvin Rux, Business Organization and Management Consultant – JD North Carolina Central University School of Law, MBA University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Mr. Rux practiced law for more than 20 years, specializing in the following practice areas: Real Estate Law and Taxation, Business Law & Development, and Estate Planning. Mr. Rux, no longer actively practicing law, provides consulting services to business development and real estate investment clients. Christopher McGruder, VP of Marketing – BA Business Administration, Barrington University. Mr. McGruder has extensive Marketing, Public Relations and Executive Assistance experience via Edelman PR Worldwide, Merck & Company Pharmaceuticals and Morgan Stanley. His clients’ list includes several Fortune 100 Companies such as: Micro-Soft, Sears, Wrigley’s, KFC, Unilever, Kobel Champaign, Mike’s Hard Lemonade, Cub-Cadet, and Axe Body Spray. He was instrumental in the capabilities development and promotions, and execution of product initiatives and national campaigns. Charles Moss, Marketing and Promotions – BA Communications, Southern Illinois University, Mr. Moss has years of experience in the entertainment and recording industries. Through his organization, Chuck Moss Presents, he has worked with various recording artists in all aspects of management, marketing and promotions. Because his reach stretched from Los Angeles to New York, he has been able to develop a valuable network of celebrities in both the music and sports industry. Terrence Seaphus, Marketing Consultant – MS Marketing/Advertising, Northwestern University Medill School of Journalism. Mr. Seaphus is an individual who can conceptualize a project and follow through to completion. His experience at M&M Mars along with his Northwestern University Graduate School tenure set the foundation that gave him the tools to succeed in marketing, advertising, diversity training and sales. His understanding of how to take new products through different channels including distributors, retailers, wholesalers, and finally, the end-consumer requires a 21st Century integrated marketing effort which happens to be his background. Michael Vick, Marketing Consultant – Pro Football Player, Virginia Tech (College), Atlanta Falcons, Philadelphia Eagles. In addition to being an outstanding football player, Mr. Vick has a keen sense of marketing and salesmanship. In addition to being a partner, Mr. Vick has expressed interest in being our first signed celebrity endorser. In addition, Mr. Vick has a list of contacts who have expressed an interest in investing in our endeavor. Mr. Vick still has numerous fans and followers. His jersey is still a best seller in the NFL – a good testament to his marketing potential. Pamela Williams, Manufacturing Consultant – MS Chemical Engineering, Washington University. Ms. Williams is a dynamic leader with extensive experience in project management, process and mechanical equipment design, and manufacturing start-up. Her broad technical expertise and demonstrated ability to learn technology quickly will enable us to complete project milestones at a fast pace. Additionally, Ms. Williams has over 12 years of experience working in global manufacturing at Proctor and Gamble. Larry Williford, Project Management – MBA, MPM, Keller Graduate School of Business. Mr. Williford has extensive experience in project management. He is skilled at working with business units to create sound business strategies, as well as supporting technology strategies. Mr. Williford worked in the IT departments of the McDonald’s Corporation, CNA Financial Services, and the Motorola Corporation before starting his own IT Consulting Business – Premier Project Management, Inc. 4. Introduction Functional Waters The bottled water industry has experienced phenomenal growth over the last ten years. Although low cost tap water is readily available, there is still 71 million bottles of water consumed per day. In 2007, bottled water sales reached $15 billion. What’s fueling the demand for bottled water? Bottled water demand is powered by the health and fitness craze. Consumers are being told that drinking bottled water is healthy and they have responded to the call by increasing their consumption of bottled water on a year over year basis. As the consumer becomes even more health conscious, there is an increased demand for enhanced and functional waters. These enhanced and functional waters contain added ingredients such as vitamins and minerals that allow the manufacturer to claim health benefits related to these waters. Therefore, functional waters have a greater product distinction. Demographically, these enhanced waters are especially popular with 18-35 year olds. Industry Trends According to beverage industry experts, the beverage industry has been trending towards lighter, lower calorie beverages with an emphasis on taste, refreshment, and function. Functional or enhanced beverages have seen phenomenal growth for the years 2006-2009 where the industry saw sales of enhanced waters and sports drinks up by 36% and 16% respectively for the period. Sales growth has been modest (approximately 3% from Jan 2009 to May 2010) during the current recession. However, according to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, sales of the enhanced waters have kept overall beverage sales in the black. Figure 4. Beverage Industry Growth [pic] Source – Beverage Spectrum, June 23, 2010 Factors for Success of the Product According to Michael Bellas of the trade publication Beverage World (www.beverageworld.com), there are some key factors in making a new beverage product successful. These factors are: 1) Make product exciting for the younger consumer, 2) Let the label tell a good story – convince the consumer, 3) Create great and exciting flavors, and 4) Create added value and credibility. We took these factors into account as we designed our initial product offerings. 5. Product Plan Our initial product line is designed to address three relevant issues concerning vitamin supplements, obesity, and water quality. The three main product qualities are: 1) Fortified with Vitamin D3, 2) Natural, no-calorie natural sweeteners, and 3) Certified pharmaceutical free. 1. Fortified With Vitamin D3 Over the last two years, there has been a rash of research emerging concerning the lack of Vitamin D in our diets. Many physicians agree that the levels of Vitamin D suggested by current U.S. guidelines are insufficient. The lack of Vitamin D in the diet is beginning to gain notoriety by pediatricians and bone doctors across the country giving rise to a new â€Å"epidemic† – Vitamin D deficiency. The Functional Beverage group has designed a line of â€Å"Health Waters† that include levels of Vitamin D3. We will design our marketing campaign around the concerns for the lack of Vitamin D in the diet along with the health benefits of supplementing Vitamin D in the diet. Because there is not a â€Å"one-size-fits-all† recommendation for the amount of Vitamin D that should be supplemented in the diet, we have designed different formulations for targeted groups. This keeps in line with our strategy of micro-targeted waters. Therefore, in addition to optimizing our formulations for taste, other vitamins, sugar content, etc, we will also optimize for the levels of Vitamin D suggested for our targeted groups. 2. Stevia – The Natural, No-Calorie Sweetener The Functional Beverage Group has chosen an extract of the Stevia plant as the primary sweetener in our enhanced water products. A recent article in the Wall Street Journal highlighted Pepsi’s and Coke’s development of products using the Stevia plant (see WSJ, July 31, 2008 – Beverage Wars Take on New Flavor). Massimo d’Amore, chief executive of PepsiCo’s beverage business in the Americas states that – â€Å"This is probably the biggest change in the formulation of beverages since the initial days of artificial sweeteners.† 3. Certified Pharmaceutical Free As evidence mounts of contaminants in some public water systems, unease about the water supply is growing. As detection technology improves, utilities are finding more contaminants in water systems. In early 2008, media reports of trace amounts of pharmaceuticals in water across the country drew attention from U.S. Senators and environmental groups, who are now pushing for regulations of these substances in water systems. Health concerns extend to bottled waters according to the National Defense Research Council. A lot of bottled water is actually tap water. Consequently, there is no assurance that what is coming from the bottle is any safer than what is coming from the tap, according to their studies. The Functional Beverage Group will certify each lot of water to be free of all pharmaceutical compounds. These results will be verified and/or tested by independent testing laboratories. In order to insure water of the highest purity, we will start with purified spring water. If necess ary, we will process/polish our feed water to a level of high purity utilizing industry standard methods. 6. Initial Product Design â€Å"†¦beverage marketers may be best served – and this is the key point – by classifying products according to the new evolving need states that define our consumer.† – Michael Bellas â€Å"Barrington’s [School District 202] dairy dilemma is an example of a discussion playing out across the country, as educators try to reconcile two concerns: childhood obesity and insufficient calcium intake. Even some experts have trouble coming up with a satisfying answer.† – Chicago Tribune, Nov. 19, 2009 Formulations We will formulate and bottle our products using purified Wisconsin spring water. Our initially proposed products are: 1) Infant Water, Certified Pharmaceutical Free (CPF) – This product is the same as any nursery water sold on the store shelves today. However, each bottle will contain a CPF label stating that we have tested the water and certified it to be free of any detectable levels of pharmaceuticals. What concerned mother wouldn’t choose our product over one that has not been certified? 2) X-Y-Teen (Young G) Formula – The target market for this formula will be children in grades K-12. This formula, containing Calcium, Vitamin D3, protein, and natural sweeteners will be marketed directly to school nutritionists/dieticians as a suitable alternative to milk. According to an article in the November 12, 2009 edition of the Chicago Tribune, there is a discussion playing out across the country as educators try to reconcile two concerns: childhood obesity and insufficient calcium and Vitamin D intake. According to the article, even some experts have trouble coming up with a satisfying answer. This product is the satisfying answer. 3) Women’s Formula – Designed to supplement nutritional requirements of women especially those of childbearing age. Our formulation will contain Calcium, Vitamin D3, and other vitamins and minerals important to women’s health. In addition, emerging research suggests the daily consumption of 1,000 IU of Vitamin D3 is associated with the support of breast health. A claim we can make in the marketing of our product. 4) General (Active Adult) Formula – A formula for the masses that contain low levels of Vitamin D3, Calcium, and other electrolytes. This formula is designed for the consumer to drink multiple bottles per day, hence the lower levels of vitamins and minerals. This formula will compete with the more mainstream â€Å"vitamin enhanced† water products and is targeted to replace the ever decreasing carbonated soft drink market. 5) Extreme Sports Formula – This product is designed for professional athletes and amateurs who participate in endurance sports or multiple bouts of intense exercise. The product contains Calcium and Vitamin D3 for stronger bones as well as increased amounts of electrolytes for more complete hydration. This formula is designed for the rigors of professional sports and can have variations for other professional sports endorsers. The target market consists of professional athletes and amateurs who participate in endurance sports or multiple bouts of intense exercise. We are designing an MV-7 formulation of the Extreme Sports formula for Michael Vick’s comeback to the NFL. This formulation is to be sold in markets where Michael Vick has a strong marketing and brand recognition presence. Additionally, we are in discussions with Pierre Thomas of the New Orleans Saints to come aboard as an endorser. Our future product offerings may include: 1) Winter Formula – This formulation will include higher levels of vitamin D for the winter months to address the lack of sunlight available in winter months. 2) Acai Berry Formula – Acai berries, found in the Amazon, are believed to have some very healthy qualities. Wal-Mart has recently entered the market for Acai Berry Juice and sold approximately $40 million worth of the juice within the first 90 days. 3) Baby Boomer’s Formula – A formulation designed for active adults who are ages 45 and older. The target demographic has a keen awareness of health related issues and an above average amount of disposable income. 4) Other Formulas – These can include energy drinks, other enhanced water formulations, natural juices, and alcohol based beverages. Container Design Because Vitamin D is sensitive to both light and oxygen (air), the traditional plastic bottle is not suitable for our formulation designs. We look at that being an added bonus because it forces us to use a newer, up-scale, and more hip package design – the aluminum bottle. The use of this packaging further differentiates our beverages from the typical bottled water and vitamin waters. An added advantage to using the aluminum bottle is the ability to added extremely artistic graphics to the outside of the packaging – adding even more product distinction – without the expense of a separate label. According to CCL Container, manufacturer of an aluminum bottle product, the aluminum bottle offers distinct advantages, including the ability of top-to-bottom shaping, chill-retention, re-sealability and durability. The use of the aluminum bottle has added significance over the plastic bottle as well when it comes to the environment. Because there are more â€Å"green† initiatives implement by both federal and local environmental concerns, it is important that product packaging is forward looking in terms of meeting any new environmental regulations. According to the Recycling Revolution web site (www.recycling-revolution.com/recycling-facts.html), these facts, among others, are worth considering about the use of aluminum for packaging: 1. A used aluminum can is recycled and back on the grocery shelf as a new can, in as little as 60 days – a process known a closed-loop recycling. 2. Because so many of them are recycled, aluminum cans account for less than 1% of the total U.S. waste stream – according to EPA estimates. 3. Americans use 2,500,000 plastic bottles every hour with most of them being thrown away. After considering product stability, costs, and environmental issues, we have concluded that the aluminum bottle is the perfect packing for our product design. 7. Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, Licenses, Royalties We will seek trademark protection for all of our product brand names, designs, logos, and relevant phrases. In addition, we may patent some of our formulas and processes. However, we feel that keeping our formulations and processes a trade secret will offer better protection that securing a patent for the these items. We will review each situation on a case-by-case basis, in consultation with our legal team, as we make decisions on whether or not to pursue patent protection for any of our formulations or processes. 8. Government Approvals The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates bottled water as a food product. The FDA has established specific rules for bottled water, including Standard of Identity Regulations that define different types of bottled water, and Standard of Quality Regulations that establish minimum levels for contaminant (microbial, chemical, and radiological). The FDA has also established Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) regulations for the processing and bottling of drinking water. These rules require that bottled water must be safe as well as processed, bottled, held and transported under sanitary conditions. Processing practices addressed in the cGMP regulations include protection of the water source from contamination, sanitation at the bottling facility, quality control to assure the bacteriological and chemical safety of source water, and sampling and testing of source water and the final product for microbiological, chemical, and radiological contaminants. Our bottling group will be required to maintain source approval and testing records in the event of any government inspection. Our bottling group may be subject to additional inspection by state and local licensing agency, health agencies, and/or environmental agencies. Procedures and protocols will be in place to ensure full compliance with all federal, state, and local rules and ordinances. In addition, all of our ingredients, including Vitamin D3, are on the FDA list of ingredients that are approved as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). Consequently, no approvals are required for adding these ingredients to bottled water. However, there may some restrictions on how much can be added to the bottled water product. Our formulations will be well below those limits. 9. Product Liability We will purchase product liability insurance and/or an umbrella policy in addition to the product liability insurance coverage that is held by any of our suppliers. We are depending on our legal team to give us further guidance on the types and amounts of insurance we should obtain in order to protect the organization from any product liability or other claims. 10. Production All production will be performed by our subsidiary operating company Functional Foods & Beverages, Inc. In addition, we will qualify contract bottlers to ensure a continuum of production in the event our primary production facility is out of service or in the event we would need excess production capacity in order to meet unanticipated product demand. 11. Marketing Plan – Fortified Beverages â€Å"†¦beverage marketers will open new vistas for growth. Their size and growth opportunities will be different; their product positioning will be more specific.† – Michael Bellas (Beverage World) Three simple goals As we market our products and create brand awareness, we have three simple goals we look to accomplish: 1) Convert non-bottled water drinkers to enhanced bottled water drinkers, 2) Convert bottled water drinkers to enhanced bottled water drinkers, and 3) Convert others from competitor’s products. Our marketing plan is designed to efficiently accomplish these goals. A multi-prong approach We are devising a multi-prong approach to our marketing efforts. We will develop a sales force to create relationships and alliances with people and organizations of influence in our target markets. Figure 6. Marketing Plan [pic] Target Market – School Districts Across the Nation One of the first formulations the FBG will design and develop will be the Young G formulation. This formulation which contains Calcium, Vitamin D3, protein, and reduced sugars, is an excellent alternative to milk. Children need about 32 ounces of milk daily just to get the recommended allotment of vitamin D. It is difficult getting children to drink eight ounces of milk, let alone 32 ounces. Our Vitamin D3 fortified Young G formulation is the drink for them. Having no fat and fewer calories than 2% milk also makes this an attractive product to highlight in First Lady Michelle Obama’s new Childhood Obesity Initiative. The size of this market is enormous. If we count only the children receiving subsidized lunches in the school system, we have a market that is 31 million children strong in more than 100,000 schools. Target Market – Sports Fans We are very fortunate to have professional football player Michael Vick as a member of our founding group. Mr. Vick immediately saw the potential of our proposed formulations and did not hesitate to come on board. Another formulation in the stages of development is our MV-7 formulation. This formulation will be marketed as the drink developed for his return to the NFL. Having Mr. Vick on board establishes immediate brand recognition and credibility for our products. Currently, he is receiving tons of media attention every time he hiccups. This media attention is invaluable. For example, experts estimate that last year’s giveaway of free Grand Slam breakfasts by Denny’s generated roughly $50 million through free advertising. We look forward to cashing in on this media attention as well. Additionally, we are looking to sign additional celebrity endorsers from both the sports and entertainment arenas. We are currently in discussions with Pierre Thomas of the New Orleans Saints to bring him aboard as another celebrity endorser from the sports world. 12. Competition Profile There are numerous competitors in the market for enhanced water products. Even with numerous products on the market, new brands can be highly successful. It is a matter of carving out a position in the market where your product has the perception that it does something the others are not doing. As shown in Figure 6 below, there is no huge product distinction from the major functional water brands. Propel Fitness Water includes calcium for â€Å"stronger bones,† however Vitamin D is required in order for the human body to absorb calcium. While it may be obvious to consider our major competitors to be other â€Å"vitamin† water products, we beg to differ. We feel that our major competitors and target market would be those who drink milk or use some other form of Vitamin D fortified consumer product. These products include cereals, cereal bars, and yogurts. Because of extensive research into Vitamin D deficiency, these products can make specific claims on their labels – claims that the vitamin water products cannot make. Because our products are fortified with Vitamin D, we can make these same health claims. As a result, we can make this product stand well above the vitamin water products on the market. In the article Chocolate Milk Lovers Have a Cow About Bans, Chicago Tribune, November 12, 2009, it has been noted that children are not drinking white milk and that chocolate and strawberry milk products are too high in calories. The article goes on to express parents’ concerns that children are not getting enough Calcium because they are not drinking milk. The conclusion is that there is no suitable alternative to milk in the schools. We conclude then that milk is indeed our main competitor because we have designed the suitable alternative. Table 1. Competitive Comparison |Advantages |Drawbacks | |Milk | | |Well known source of Vitamin D & Calcium |Lactose intolerance in many individuals | |Source of Protein and essential fats |Not very portable – needs refrigeration | |Strong marketing campaign USDA subsidized in schools |Concerns about hormones | |$0.50 per 8 oz. serving |Flavors are high in calories | | |Limited shelf life | |Vitamin Waters | | |Brand recognition |Flavors are weak or medicine-like | |Large marketing budgets |No true â€Å"function† | |Moving towards healthier product lines |Product choices can be overwhelming | |Lower calories |Some have high sugar content | |Natural flavors |Not directly marketed to younger generation (target 18-35 year olds) | |$0.60 per 8 oz. serving | | |Functional Foods | | |Alternative sources of Vitamin D & Calcium |Some products are dairy ( lactose | |Contained in mainstream food items |Usually breakfast specific | |Some are portable |Some are not portable | |Brand recognition |Perishable | |Cost per serving varies | | |Aqua-D from the FBG, Inc | | |Designed as a great tasting, low calorie direct replacement for milk |No product history | |Vitamin D and Calcium containing alternative to more popular enhanced |Major competition from Coke and Pepsi Products | |waters e.g. Vitaminwater |Limited marketing budget | |Smaller bottles w/ lower price point (